Notes:
Das königliche Kloster Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas (Monasterio de Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas) liegt 1,5 Kilometer westlich der Stadt Burgos an der Avenida del Monasterio de las Huelgas.
Geschichte
Der kastilische König Alfons VIII. (regierte 1158-1214) und seine Ehefrau Eleonore Plantagenet gründeten 1187 in der Nähe von Burgos anstelle einer Residenz, die bis dahin der königlichen Unterhaltung gedient hatte, die Abtei Santa María la Real, besser bekannt als Las Huelgos Reales (von spanisch "holganza": Ruhe, Freizeit).
Abt Wilhelm II. von Cîteaux (Guillaume II. de la Prée, 1186-1189) gab im September des Jahres seine Zustimmung zur Gründung in einem Schreiben, das auch festlegte, das die Nonnen selbst einen oder zwei Äbte aus regionalen Zisterzienserabteien als Aufsicht wählen sollten – Eleonore selbst, die Tochter der Eleonore von Aquitanien, die sich in die Abtei Fontevrault zurückgezogen hatte, und des englischen Königs Heinrich II., und somit die Schwester von Richard Löwenherz und Johann Ohneland, spielte bei dieser Festlegung eine wesentliche Rolle.
Die ersten Nonnen kamen aus der Abtei Tulebras in Navarra, die 1157 gegründet worden war, Doña Misol wurde die erste Äbtissin. Alfons VIII. sah seine Gründung als Haupt einer Kongregation, in die die anderen kastilischen Zisterzienserinnen eingebunden werden sollten.
Das Kloster Las Huelgas wurde von seinen Gründern reich beschenkt, es erhielt 49 Güter, darunter das Hospital del Rey in unmittelbarer Nähe. Darüber hinaus wurde es 1199 zur Begräbnisstätte der königlichen Familie erklärt. Las Huelgas zögerte nicht, sich zu einer richtigen Herrschaft aufzuschwingen, mit weltlicher und geistlicher Jurisdiktion, und dabei auch die der Bischöfe zu überstimmen.
Mächtig und reich, legte sich die Abtei mit der Zeit eine wichtige Bibliothek zu. Sie besitzt unter anderem ein Lektionar aus dem Skriptorium der nahe gelegenen Zisterzienserabtei San Pedro de Cardena, eine Bibel aus dem Jahr 1181, einen Kommentar zu Apokalypse des Beatus von Liébana aus dem Jahr 1220 sowie eine Benediktinerregel aus dem Jahr 1246.
Die Arbeiten am Kloster begannen noch im Jahr 1187 und wurden in der zweiten Hälfte des 13. Jahrhunderts abgeschlossen.
The monastery of Santa María la Real de las Huelgas, popularly known as the monastery of Las Huelgas, 1 located in the city of Burgos (Castilla y León, Spain), is a monastery of the congregation of monasteries of Cistercian nuns of San Bernardo. It was founded in 1187 by King Alfonso VIII of Castile and his wife Eleanor de Plantagenet.1
It houses works of great value, including some of the oldest stained glass windows in Spain.
Situation
It is located to the west of the city of Burgos, somewhat removed from the Arlanzón river, on a flat terrain that was formerly occupied by meadows and that was known as "Las Huelgas", which was the way the unworked farmland was called and dedicated to pastures.a Currently, it is considered as BIC (Asset of Cultural Interest) (it was declared a Historic-artistic Monument belonging to the National Artistic Treasure by decree of June 3, 1931).
History
There was a small palace on these grounds where the monastery is located, of which some small vestiges are preserved. The place was chosen by King Alfonso VIII and his wife Eleanor de Plantagenet to build a female Cistercian monastery that was founded in June 1187.
It was Queen Eleanor who put the greatest effort into achieving this foundation so that women could achieve the same levels of command and responsibility as men, at least within monastic life. They raised the request to Pope Clement III to found and consecrate the new monastery, a request that was immediately granted. The kings donated about fifty places whose lands constituted from the beginning an important patrimony that would multiply over time. The king's founding letter is preserved that begins by saying:
I, Alfonso, by the grace of God, King of Castile and Toledo, and my wife, Queen Leonor ...
Cîteaux granted this monastery the right to establish itself as a matrem ecclesiam, thus equating itself to the great French monastery of Fontevrault. In 1199 it became definitively the mother house of the female monasteries of Castilla y León.
The life of the monastery began with a group of nuns who arrived from the Monastery of Santa María de la Caridad de Tulebras (in Navarra), where the first female Cistercian monastery on the peninsula existed since 1157. The first two abbesses were the Infanta of royal blood Misol (or Mariasol) and the Infanta Constanza, daughter of the founding kings.
The abbess of Las Huelgas came to enjoy such high autonomy and power that she was above the episcopal curia, depending directly on the pope. The abbess, as a woman, could not confess, say a mass, or preach, but it was she who gave the licenses for the priests to do these jobs. The concession was given in the name of God and of the Apostolic See. She was the owner of a material lordship and a legal lordship. The material lordship was composed of:
54 villas
land
mills
tax exemptions from pontazgo, portazgo and montazgo.
The legal lordship had its own jurisdiction, whose laws on civil and criminal matters were directed and supervised by the abbess. They could appoint mayors and they exercised their jurisdiction over a good number of monasteries whose abbesses were named by the abbess of Las Huelgas.
All the privileges remained intact through the centuries until the 19th century, when they were abolished by Pope Pius IX.
During the Middle Ages, in this monastery important ceremonies such as proclaiming kings and arming knights were carried out. Among the knights armed before they were kings were Ferdinand III the Saint, Eduardo I of England, Alfonso XI of Castile and Leon, Pedro I of Castile (who was also born in the defensive tower of the building) and Juan II. The kings crowned here were Alfonso XI and his son Enrique II de Trastamara. It also had great importance as a royal and noble pantheon, with magnificent tombs, many of which were desecrated during the Spanish War of Independence.
During the Spanish Civil War, on December 2, 1937, the First National Council of the Movement was held in this monastery.5
At present this monastery is governed by Cistercian nuns. It has ten rooms prepared for a spiritual retreat for women who request it. The current abbess has no special civil or legal commands or privileges. Both she and the community of nuns dedicate her life to prayer and tending to a few small possessions.
Real people buried in the monastery
Ship of the Gospel:
Fernando de la Cerda, son of Alfonso X el Sabio and Violante de Aragón. (1255-1275)
Enrique I of Castile, son of Alfonso VIII of Castile and of Leonor de Plantagenet. (1204-1217)
Sancho de Castilla, son of Alfonso VIII of Castilla. (1181-1181)
Fernando de Castilla, son of Alfonso VIII of Castilla. (1189-1211)
Fernando, illegitimate son of Alfonso X the Wise.
Manuel de Castilla, son of Ferdinand III of Castile and Queen Beatriz de Suabia and father of Don Juan Manuel. (1234-1283)
Fernando, son of Sancho VI of Navarra. (m. 1208)
Alfonso de la Cerda, grandson of Alfonso X of Castilla. (1270-1333)
Sancho de Castilla, son of Fernando III. (1233-1261)
Felipe de Castilla, son of Sancho IV of Castilla and Queen María de Molina. (1292-1327)
Sancho Alfonso de Castilla, illegitimate son of Alfonso XI de Castilla. (1331-1343)
Pedro de Castilla, son of Sancho IV and Queen María de Molina, (1290-1319)
Mafalda de Castilla, daughter of Alfonso VIII of Castilla. (1191-1204)
Central nave
Blanca de Portugal, daughter of Alfonso III of Portugal and granddaughter of Alfonso X the Wise. (1259-1321)
Berenguela de Castilla, infanta, daughter of Fernando III and Queen Beatriz de Suabia. (1228-1279)
Margaret of Savoy, Duchess of Mantua. (1589-1655)
Alfonso VIII of Castile, son of Sancho III of Castile. (1155-1214)
Leonor de Plantagenet, wife of Alfonso VIII of Castile and daughter of Henry II of England. (1162-1214) and Eleanor of Aquitaine (1124-1204).
Berenguela de Castilla, wife of Alfonso IX of León and mother of Fernando III el Santo. (1180-1246)
María Ana de Austria, daughter of Don Juan de Austria and granddaughter of Carlos I of Spain. Abbess of the Monastery.
Nave of the Epistle
Constanza de Castilla, daughter of Alfonso VIII of Castilla. (c. 1195-1243)
Constanza de León, daughter of King Alfonso IX of León. (1200-1242)
Blanca de Castilla, daughter of the Infante Pedro de Castilla and granddaughter of Sancho IV el Bravo. (m. 1375)
María de Aragón, daughter of Jaime II of Aragón, and wife of the Infante Pedro de Castilla. (1299-1347)
Constanza de Castilla, daughter of Alfonso X the Wise and Queen Violante of Aragon. (1259-1280)
Isabel Alfonso de Molina, granddaughter of the infant Alfonso de Molina and great-granddaughter of Alfonso IX of León. (m. 1292)
Eleanor of Castile, daughter of Ferdinand IV of Castile and wife of Alfonso IV of Aragon. (1307-1359)
María de Almenara (d. 1196), daughter of Count Ermengol VI of Urgel and Elvira Rodríguez de Lara, and great-granddaughter of Alfonso VI of León.
María de Aragón, illegitimate daughter of Ferdinand the Catholic, King of Aragon. (m. 1543).
City/Town : Latitude: 42.343196, Longitude: -3.731859Matches 1 to 2 of 2
Last Name, Given Name(s)  |
Death  |
Person ID | Tree | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  de Castilla, Queen Berengaria I | Tuesday 08 November 1244 | Monasterio de Las Huelgas, Burgos, Castilla y León, España | I810929 | Veenkoloniale voorouders |
| 2 | of England, Queen Eleonora | Saturday 25 October 1214 | Monasterio de Las Huelgas, Burgos, Castilla y León, España | I29887 | Veenkoloniale voorouders |
Matches 1 to 3 of 3
| Last Name, Given Name(s) |
Burial |
Person ID | Tree | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | de Castilla, Koning Alfonso VIII | Monasterio de Las Huelgas, Burgos, Castilla y León, España | I29883 | Veenkoloniale voorouders | |
| 2 | of England, Queen Eleonora | Monasterio de Las Huelgas, Burgos, Castilla y León, España | I29887 | Veenkoloniale voorouders | |
| 3 | de Portugal, Blanca | Monasterio de Las Huelgas, Burgos, Castilla y León, España | I827943 | Veenkoloniale voorouders | |
Matches 1 to 1 of 1
| Family |
Marriage |
Family ID | Tree | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | England / Castilla | Sunday 18 October 1254 | Monasterio de Las Huelgas, Burgos, Castilla y León, España | F320377 | Veenkoloniale voorouders |
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