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Moldova, România



Wikipedia links for
Moldova, România
[Moldova] [România]
 
 


Notes:
Moldavia (Romanian: Moldova) is a geographical and historical region in South-Eastern Europe, roughly corresponding to the territory of the historic principality of the same name. The latter (an initially independent and later autonomous state) existed from the 14th century to 1859, when it united with Wallachia as the basis of the modern Romanian state; at various times, it included the regions of Bessarabia (with the Budjak) and much of Bukovina. The larger part of Bessarabia is nowadays the independent state of Moldova, while the rest of it and the northern part of Bukovina are territories of Ukraine.

Geography

Historically, Moldavia extended between the Carpathian Mountains (the historical border with Transylvania) and the Dniester River; the Prut River flowed approximately through its middle from north to south. Lands in Pokuttya and other portions outside of the Carpathians-Dniester area (such as Cetatea de Baltă and Ciceu, both in Transylvania) were at times politically connected with the Moldavian state, but were never considered part of its territory. Romania controls 43% of the former state's territory.

The Bujak region bordering the Black Sea was incorporated into the principality (and into Bessarabia) in 1392, however it was lost beginning with 1484 to the Ottoman Empire, and, from 1812, together with the rest of Bessarabia, to Imperial Russia (its areas around Bolhrad, Cahul, and Izmail, were part of Moldavia, and then of Romania, between the end of the Crimean War and that of the Romanian War of Independence).

The traditional border between the two Danubian Principalities - Moldavia and Wallachia - roughly coincided with the Milcov River. As a state, Moldavia also controlled a relatively narrow strip of land around Galaţi, which granted it access to the Chilia branch of the Danube.

The Romanian region itself spans over 46,173 km² (19.5% of Romania's territory), and consists of eight counties:

* Bacău County

* Botoşani County

* Galaţi County

* Iaşi County

* Neamţ County

* Suceava County

* Vaslui County

* Vrancea County

Its total population is 4,681,555 as of 2002 (21.6% of Romania's population). Most of Moldavia (6 out of 8 counties) is part of the Nord-Est development region, while the two southern counties (Galaţi County and Vrancea County) are in the Sud-Est development region.

The Republic of Moldova has a population of 3,388,000 (2004 census); data for the population of the areas within Ukraine, according to the 2001 census, indicates around 1,539,000 inhabitants. The estimated total for all regions is 9,608,600 people.

Name

The original and short-lived reference to the region was Bogdania, after Bogdan I, the founding figure of the principality. The names Moldavia and Moldova are derived from the name of the Moldova River, however the etymology is not known and there are several variants:

* a legend featured in Cronica Anonimă a Moldovei links it to a wisent (or aurochs) hunting trip of the Maramureş voivode Dragoş, and the latter's chase of a star-marked bull. Dragoş was accompanied by his female hound cdda; when they reached shores of an unfamiliar river, Molda caught up with the animal and was killed by it. The dog's name would have been given to the river, and extended to the country.

* the old German Molde, meaning "open-pit mine"

* the Gothic Mulda meaning "dust", "dirt" (cognate with the English mould), referring to the river.

* a Slavic etymology (-ova is a quite common Slavic suffix), marking the end of one Slavic genitive form, denoting ownership, chiefly of feminine nouns (i.e.: "that of Molda").

* a landowner by the name of Alexa Moldaowicz is mentioned in a 1334 document, as a local boyar in service to Yuriy II of Halych; this attests to the use of the name prior to the foundation of the Moldavian state, and could even be the source region's name.

In several early references, "Moldavia" is rendered under the composite form Moldo-Wallachia (in the same way Wallachia may appear as Hungro-Wallachia). Ottoman Turkish references to Moldavia included Boğdan Iflak and Boğdan (and occasionally Kara-Boğdan - "Black Bogdania").

Also, the name "Bogdania" was occasionally used during the rule of Bogdan I of Moldavia, this being kept for a longer time in Ottoman sources as Bogdan Iflak - "Bogdan's Wallachia" and Kara-Bogdan - "Black Bogdania".

In other languages:

Moldavia Boğdan (former Turkish), Moldau (German), Moldavia (Basque, Italian, Spanish), Moldàvia (Catalan), Moldávia (Portuguese), Moldavië (Dutch), Moldavie (French), Moldavien (Swedish (for republic), variant in Danish), Moldavija (Lithuanian, Serbian, Slovene), Moldavsko (Slovak, Czech), Mołdawia (Polish), Moldhavía - Μολδαβία (Greek), Moldova (Danish, Estonian, Finnish, Romanian, Swedish (for principality), Hungarian (for country)), Moldva (Hungarian (for principality)), Moldavya (Turkish)

History

The Neolithic saw the Cucuteni culture extend over what would become Southern Moldavia and what is now Western Ukraine (roughly, to the Dnieper River). Peopled by Dacians in antiquity, the region remained outside of Roman Dacia.

During the Migration Period, Moldavia was successively invaded by Goths, Huns, Eurasian Avars, Slavs, and Bulgars. It was later under the brief occupations of Magyars, Pechenegs, and Cumans, and was invaded by Mongols of the Golden Horde (notably, during the expedition to Hungary in 1241).

In the early 13th century, the Brodniks, a possible Slavic-Vlach vassal state of Halych, were present, alongside the Vlachs, in much of the region's territory (towards 1216, the Brodniks are mentioned as in service of Suzdal). On the border between Halych and the Brodniks, in the 11th century, a Viking by the name of Rodfos was killed in the area by Vlachs who supposedly betrayed him. In 1164, the future Byzantine Emperor Andronicus I Comnenus, was taken prisoner by Vlach shepherds around the same region.

Image:Romania counties.png

Administrative map of Romania; counties in Moldavia are shown in red

Country : Latitude: 47.37603463349758, Longitude: 29.300537109375

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